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Researchers use Forrest Gump in brain study

<div class="copy"><p>Watching the 1994 Tom Hanks movie <em>Forrest Gump</em> may have affected you in strange and unusual ways.</p><p>British research suggests that throughout the two-hour Hollywood blockbuster the response of your hippocampus, the part of your brain associated with memories, was more likely influenced by subjective event boundaries than by specific transitions between scenes, such as changes in location.</p><p>This suggests the hippocampus is sensitive to meaningful units of experience rather than perceptual cues. If that is correct, it likely means that the brain region plays an important role in segmenting our continuous everyday experience into discrete events for storage in long-term memory.</p><p>The research, carried out by Aya Ben-Yakov and Richard Henson at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit at the University of Cambridge, UK, is among the first to investigate hippocampal function during a natural experience.</p><p>The scientists recruited two groups of volunteers.  The first was asked to watch Forrest Gump, while the second was shown an abridged version of Alfred Hitchcock’s 1961 television drama <em>Bang! You’re Dead</em>, edited from 30 minutes down to eight.</p><p>In each participant, the hippocampus responded as the researchers hypothesised it would.</p><p>“We observed a strong hippocampal response at boundaries defined by independent observers, which was modulated by boundary strength (the number of observers that identified each boundary),” <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0524-18.2018" target="_blank" rel="noopener">they write in a paper</a> published in the journal <em>JNeurosci</em>.</p><p>“In the longer film, there were sufficient boundaries to show that this modulation remained after co-varying out a large number of perceptual factors.</p><p>“The hippocampus was the only brain region whose response showed a significant monotonic increase with boundary strength in both films, suggesting that modulation by boundary strength is selective to the hippocampus.”</p><p>The hippocampus is one of the most widely-studied regions in the human brain, with research suggesting it has <a href="https://theconversation.com/explainer-what-happens-in-the-hippocampus-32589" target="_blank" rel="noopener">many roles</a>, including assisting with navigation and direction, as well as memory formation.</p><p>The aim of Ben-Yakov and Henson was not to test how the hippocampus responds in specific situations, but to expose it to a continuous stream of complex information and thus gain an insight into how it behaves in a naturalistic setting.</p><p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p><div class="newsletter-box"><div id="wpcf7-f6-p22848-o1" class="wpcf7" dir="ltr" lang="en-US" role="form"><p> </p></div></div><em><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="height: 1px!important;width: 1px!important;border: 0!important" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=22848&amp;title=Researchers+use+Forrest+Gump+in+brain+study" width="1" height="1" data-spai-target="src" data-spai-orig="" data-spai-exclude="nocdn" /></em></div><div id="contributors"><p><em>This article was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/researchers-deploy-forrest-gump-in-brain-study/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cosmosmagazine.com</a> and was written by Nick Carne. </em></p></div>

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Andrew “Twiggy” Forrest launches criminal case against Facebook

<p dir="ltr">Billionaire mining magnate Andrew “Twiggy” Forrest has <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-60238985" target="_blank" rel="noopener">launched</a> a criminal case against Facebook over allegations the company failed to prevent scams from using his image, in what he says will be the first criminal case the social media site has faced globally.</p><p dir="ltr">He claims that Facebook breached Australian anti-money laundering laws in relation to the spread of cryptocurrency scams.</p><p dir="ltr">Meta, the company that owns Facebook, has not commented on Dr Forrest’s case but said it was “committed to keeping those people [scammers] off our platform”.</p><p><span id="docs-internal-guid-bfa67ebe-7fff-4f49-77f6-c0b40062082a"></span></p><p dir="ltr">The scams that use Dr Forrest’s image - and those of other celebrities - promote bogus investments that promise rich returns.</p><p dir="ltr"><img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/02/d334da2d4f26441a3bb885ecbd284461-e1643840552644.jpeg" alt="" width="468" height="624" /></p><p dir="ltr"><em>An example of the scams circulating on Facebook using Andrew Forrest's image. Image: <a href="https://www.crikey.com.au/2022/02/03/andrew-forrest-sues-facebook-over-scam-ads-in-world-first-action/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Crikey</a></em></p><p dir="ltr">Although the platform bans these kinds of ads, many still appear.</p><p dir="ltr">Dr Forrest, the former CEO of Fortescue Metals who has a PhD in Marine Science, has alleged that Facebook had been “criminally reckless” in not doing more to stop the ads which first began appearing in early 2019.</p><p dir="ltr">He said he had also written an open letter in November 2019 addressed to Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, urging him to take action.</p><p dir="ltr">“I’m concerned about innocent Australians being scammed through clickbait advertising on social media,” Forrest said in a statement on Thursday.</p><p dir="ltr">“I’m acting here for Australians, but this is happening all over the world.”</p><p dir="ltr">Under Australian law, the consent of the attorney-general is needed in order to privately prosecute foreign corporations for alleged offences under the Commonwealth Criminal Code.</p><p dir="ltr">“The Attorney-General has given her consent to the private prosecution against Facebook in relation to alleged offences under subsection 400.7(2) of the Criminal Code,” Stephen Lewis, the principal of Mark O’Brien Legal which will be representing Mr Forrest, told <em><a href="https://www.afr.com/technology/andrew-forrest-sues-facebook-over-scam-ads-20220203-p59tlw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AFR</a></em>.</p><p dir="ltr">Dr Forrest has also filed a civil lawsuit in California, where Facebook’s headquarters are located.</p><p dir="ltr">According to <em><a href="https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/andrew-twiggy-forrest-takes-on-facebook-in-court-lobbing-worldfirst-criminal-charges-at-the-tech-giant/news-story/bf74fe229f470253ffa8d94abbbb5688" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Australian</a></em>, he is alleging in that suit that Facebook “knowingly profits from this cycle of illegal ads.</p><p dir="ltr">Citing court documents, the newspaper reported that one victim had lost $940,000 ($1 million NZD) because of a fake endorsement featuring Dr Forrest.</p><p dir="ltr">In a statement to media, the social media company said scam ads violated its policies and that it takes a “multifaceted approach” to stopping them.</p><p dir="ltr">“We work not just to detect and reject the ads themselves but also block advertisers from our services and, in some cases, take court action to enforce our policies,” a Meta representative said.</p><p dir="ltr">Dr Forrest’s case in Australia will be heard in the Magistrates Court of Western Australia from March 28.</p><p dir="ltr">If he is successful, the social media platform could face a maximum penalty of $126,000 ($135,000 NZD) on each of three charges.</p><p dir="ltr"><span id="docs-internal-guid-089583bc-7fff-7c35-d766-b26af1b226a2"></span></p><p dir="ltr"><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>

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Researchers use Forrest Gump in brain study

<p>Watching the 1994 Tom Hanks movie <em>Forrest Gump</em> may have affected you in strange and unusual ways.</p> <p>British research suggests that throughout the two-hour Hollywood blockbuster the response of your hippocampus, the part of your brain associated with memories, was more likely influenced by subjective event boundaries than by specific transitions between scenes, such as changes in location.</p> <p>This suggests the hippocampus is sensitive to meaningful units of experience rather than perceptual cues. If that is correct, it likely means that the brain region plays an important role in segmenting our continuous everyday experience into discrete events for storage in long-term memory.</p> <p>The research, carried out by Aya Ben-Yakov and Richard Henson at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit at the University of Cambridge, UK, is among the first to investigate hippocampal function during a natural experience.</p> <p>The scientists recruited two groups of volunteers.  The first was asked to watch <em>Forrest Gump</em>, while the second was shown an abridged version of Alfred Hitchcock’s 1961 television drama Bang! You’re Dead, edited from 30 minutes down to eight.</p> <p>In each participant, the hippocampus responded as the researchers hypothesised it would.</p> <p>“We observed a strong hippocampal response at boundaries defined by independent observers, which was modulated by boundary strength (the number of observers that identified each boundary),” <a rel="noopener" href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0524-18.2018" target="_blank">they write in a paper</a> published in the journal <em>JNeurosci</em>.</p> <p>“In the longer film, there were sufficient boundaries to show that this modulation remained after co-varying out a large number of perceptual factors.</p> <p>“The hippocampus was the only brain region whose response showed a significant monotonic increase with boundary strength in both films, suggesting that modulation by boundary strength is selective to the hippocampus.”</p> <p>The hippocampus is one of the most widely-studied regions in the human brain, with research suggesting it has <a rel="noopener" href="https://theconversation.com/explainer-what-happens-in-the-hippocampus-32589" target="_blank">many roles</a>, including assisting with navigation and direction, as well as memory formation.</p> <p>The aim of Ben-Yakov and Henson was not to test how the hippocampus responds in specific situations, but to expose it to a continuous stream of complex information and thus gain an insight into how it behaves in a naturalistic setting.</p> <div class="newsletter-box"> <div id="wpcf7-f6-p22848-o1" class="wpcf7"> <p style="display: none !important;"> </p> <p><!-- Chimpmail extension by Renzo Johnson --></p> </div> </div> <!-- Start of tracking content syndication. Please do not remove this section as it allows us to keep track of republished articles --> <p><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=22848&amp;title=Researchers+use+Forrest+Gump+in+brain+study" alt="" width="1" height="1" /></p> <!-- End of tracking content syndication --> <div id="contributors"> <p><em><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/researchers-deploy-forrest-gump-in-brain-study/">This article</a> was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com">Cosmos Magazine</a> and was written by <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/contributor/nick-carne">Nick Carne</a>. Nick Carne is the editor of Cosmos Online and editorial manager for The Royal Institution of Australia.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p> </div>

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